Hammered Coins - Uncategorised

	Welcome to Hammered.Info, a personal numismatic website where I share my collection, research and other aspects of hammered coinage that interest me. Here you will find selected coins from my collection, links to useful numismatic resources, and articles that I have written, including an online guide to the coinage of Henry III. There is also a section devoted to the medieval coinage of Anatolia, and I hope soon to add a detailed study of the posthumous coinage of Henry III. Some years ago I decided that it was no longer sensible to keep my growing collection at home, so it was transferred to secure storage. Before doing so, I photographed every coin to a high standard, and it is these images that I now study rather than the coins themselves. A selection of those images is shared on this website.


		Alexander III - Berwick / Roberd c.1250. First coinage, type III. Scarce. Obv: profile bust left with sceptre, ALEXANDE REX. Rev: voided long cross & pellets dividing ROB ER ONB ER for moneyer Robert at the Berwick mint.


	References	Ref 1 Markowitz **Armenian Coins and Their Values - Yeghia T. Nercessian Coin Archives** The Origins, Development, and Spatial Distribution of Medieval Fortifications and Rural Settlements in Cilicia 1075-1375 - Dweezil Vandekerckhove, Cardiff University, August 2014

	*Ruler*	*Reign AD*
	Prince Ruben I	1080–1095

	Prince Constantine I	1095-1100

	Prince Thoros I	1100-1129

	Prince Levon (Leo) I	1129-1137

	Byzantine Control	1137-1151

	Prince Thoros II	1151-1169

	Prince Mleh	1169-1175

	Prince Ruben III	1175-1187

	Prince Levon (Leo) II	1187-98

		Levon I is the only king of Cilician Armenia to have struck a silver double tram as shown below. A critical study of the history of the period immediately preceding the coronation of Levon indicates that he struck them when the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VI, promised him a crown late in 1196 or early 1197. He thus assumed the legal title of king before his official coronation.
	Rare Double Tram Obv. Levon seated facing on throne decorated with lions, holding globus cruciger and lis-tipped sceptre, with feet resting upon footstool. Rev. Crowned lion advancing left, head facing, holding patriarchal cross; hollow sexfoil in field above lion. Diameter: 27mm, weight: 5.37 gm Nercessian (2006): 268 RP-836
	King Levon (Leo), 1199-1219	On the eve of the Third Crusade, Pope Clement III asked Prince Levon II and Gregory IV (the head of the Armenian church) to extend financial and military help to the arriving crusaders. Levon sent an escort to the armies of Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa who was approaching Cilicia after settling his disputes with the Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelus. Frederick had promised Levon a royal crown for his fidelity, but the former unfortunately drowned while crossing the Calycadnus near Seleucia. Levon, however, continued to support the crusaders, as his army was present at the siege of Acre and he joined Richard the Lionheart in his conquest of Cyprus. For his loyal support, Levon received his royal crown which had been promised, taking the title King Levon I. He was crowned at Tarsus on 6 January 1199 by the Imperial Chancellor Conrad of Hildeshiem, under decree from Pope Clement III and the new Holy Roman Emperor, Henry VI.
	Sis mint, Tram AR Obv: Cross pattee initial mark and also above king's right hand. Details of king's clothing well-defined. Rev: cross pattee initial mark. Cross pattee on the staff unusually having pellets in quadrants. Three pellets at base of staff. 23 mm, 2,74 gm Nercessian 296 RP-839
	Sis mint, Tram AR Obverse: cross pattee initial mark No pellets in field Reverse: cross pattee initial mark Rev. cross: small cross-bar, then much larger, then a triangular device. 23 mm, 2,73 gm RP-820
	Sis mint, Tram AR Obverse: cross pattee initial mark Obv: pellets in right field Reverse: cross pattee initial mark Rev. cross: small cross-bar, then much larger, then a triangular device. 22 mm, 2,99 gm RP-821
	Sis mint, Tram AR Obverse: cross pattee initial mark Obv: single small pellet in right field Reverse: cross pattee initial mark Cross-bars of the cross are of approx. equal length. Pellet below. 23 mm, 3.07 gm RP-823
	Sis mint, Tram AR Obverse: cross pattee initial mark Reverse: cross pattee initial mark Rev. cross: small cross-bar, then a larger, then a pellet. 22 mm, 2.84 gm RP-824
	*Cross pommee/star initial marks...* e.g. Nercessian type 290 - NB there are far less types documented by Nercessian of these reverse star coins.
	Sis mint, AR Tram Obv initial mark: cross pommee Obv: three pellets on king's left breast, cross pommee in king's right hand. Reverse: six-rayed star initial mark, "kinked" cross shaft. 22 mm, 2,91 gm RP-822
	Sis mint, AR Tram Obv initial mark: cross pattee ? Facing king on throne with lion supports, note "s6" star above LH lion. Several pellets on king's left breast, cross in king's right hand. Reverse: six-rayed star initial mark, 22 mm, 2,9 gm Nercessian 290 sim. RP-838
	*Levon I Bronze coins...*
	Bronze tank. Obv : Crowned lion’s head facing slightly to right. Legend: Levon, King of Armenians. 5 pellets on crown Rev : Patriarchal cross flanked by stars. Legend: Struck in the city of Sis. Diam: 27.9, weight: 7.4 gm Nercessian (2006) # 303 RP-827




	Isabella (Zabel)	1219-1222

	Isabella (Zabel) with Philip of Antioch	1222-1225
		No Known Coins
	Hetoum I and Zabel.	1226-1252
	Tram AR Obv: Hetoum and Zabel facing foward Rev: lion right, base of cross below. 21 mm, 3.01 gm RP-825
	Tram AR Obv : Hetoum and Zabel standing facing one another, heads facing, holding between them a long cross. Rev : Crowned lion advancing right, head facing; long cross, with horizontal bar on shaft behind. Circle of pellets on lion's shoulder. 21 mm, 3.0 gm Nercessian 340 RP-835
	Tram AR Obv: Hetoum and Zabel facing foward Rev: lion right, base of cross below. 20.1 mm, 3.07 gm RP-815
	Hetoum I and Zabel facing each other...
	Obv: Hetoum I and Zabel facing each other Sis mint. Rev: lion right, large "s6" star below. 20.9 mm, 2.85 gm Nercessian 342 RP-814


	Hetoum I as sole ruler	1252-1270
	Obv: 'Hetoum, King of the Armenians' Hetoum I, seated facing on throne with lion supports, holding lis-tipped scepter in right hand and globus cruciger in left. Rev. 'Struck in the city of Sis' (in Armenian Cross potent with ray in each angle. Diameter: 28.5 mm, weight: 7.3 gm. Nercessian (2006) # 353. RP-830
	Smaller and lighter than the above coin. Obv: Hetoum seated facing on plain bench with no lions, holding lis-tipped scepter and globus cruciger. Reverse : Cross pattée; petals in each quarter Similar to Nercessian # 354. Diameter: 25 mm, weight: 4.57 gm. Nercessian (2006) # 354 sim. RP-834.
	Levon (Leo) II (Levon III)	1270–1289

	Hetoum II - reign undiff.	1289–1293, 1295–1296, 1299–1307
	Kardez, Sis mint. Obv : Crowned head of king facing. Rev : Patriarchal cross terminating in floral scroll. Nercessian (2006) # 398 Diameter: 21 mm, 3.7 gm. RP-828


	Hetoum II - 1st reign	1289–1293

	Hetoum II - 2nd reign	1295–1296

	Hetoum II - 3rd reign	1299–1307

	Thoros III	1293-1298

	Smbat (Usurper)	1296-1298
	Obv: King on horseback riding right, holding reins in left hand and mace over his shoulder in right, legend around. Rev: Cross with four doves in flight, one in each quadrant, legend around. Diameter: 19.0 mm, 1.96 gm Nercessian (2006) # 412 RP-704

	Constantine I	1298-1299

	Levon (Leo) III (Levon IV) - with Hetoum II	1303-1307
	Levon III AD 1301-1307. Takvorin AR 22mm, 2.46 gm RP-826
	Oshin	1308-1320

	Levon (Leo) IV (Leo V)	1320-1341

	Levon (Leo) IV (Leo V)	1320-1341

	Constantine II	1342-1344

	Constantine III	1344-1362

	Constantine IV	1362-1373

	Levon (Leo) V (Leo VI)	1374-1375


	The Danishmendids
	The Danishmendids ruled in north-central and eastern Anatolia from 1071/1075 to 1178. The dynasty centered originally around Sivas, Tokat, and Niksar in central-northeastern Anatolia; they extended as far west as Ankara and Kastamonu for a time, and as far south as Malatya, which they captured in 1103. In the early 12th century, Danishmends were rivals of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, which controlled much of the territory surrounding the Danishmend lands, and they fought extensively against the Crusaders. The dynasty was established by Danishmend Gazi for whom historical information is rather scarce and was generally written long after his death. They established themselves in Anatolia in the aftermath of the Battle of Manzikert in 1071, in which the Seljuks defeated the Byzantine Empire and captured most of Anatolia. Gazi took advantage of the dynastic struggles of the Seljuks upon the death of the Sultan Suleyman I of Rûm in 1086 to establish his own dynasty in central Anatolia. The capital was likely first established in Amasia. The header map shows Anatolia in 1097, before the Siege of Nicaea.
	References: Album Checklist Estelle J. Whelan, 'A Contribution to Danishmendid History: The Figured Copper Coins' American Numismatic Society, Museum Notes 25, The American Numismatic Society, New York , 1980 CNG Search for "Danishmendid" ACSearch for "Danishmendid" (Link) Danishmendid Figural Coins
	A NOTE ON DÄNISHMENDID IMAGERY Although the Dänishmendids seem to have been among the first to introduce copper coins with images, it was their neighbours to the east of the Euphrates who most fully exploited this medium. The Output of the Artuqids and Zankids in particular is much better known, partly because they frequently copied the figures on ancient coins. It seems that the dynasties of central Anatolia and northern Mesopotamia shared a concern with devising suitable sovereign imagery. The Dänishmendid coins differ in the sources that were available—and preferred—for emulation. None of these coins is based on an ancient model; whenever the sources can be traced, they turn out to be Byzantine or occasionally even European objects.. Most of Mesopotamia had been part of the Islamic world since the seventh century, and current Byzantine coins were thus not readily available äs models, whereas coins of the ancient rulers of the territory evidently were. Anatolia, on the other hand, had remained part of the Byzantine empire until the invasion of the Turks after 1071. In the mid-twelfth Century Greek culture was still predominant in the central region, äs the issue of coins first with Greek and then with mixed Greek/Arabic inscriptions attests. Not until 553-59 (1158-64) did a type with an entirely Arabic inscription appear, Yaghl Basän's Type A. (Source: Whelan).

	Amir Ghazi, 497-528 AH, 1104-1134 AD

	Malik Muhammad, 528-536 AH, 1134-1142 AD

	MALATYA: Ayn al-Dawla Isma'il, 536-547 AH, 1142-1152 AD

	MALATYA: Dhu'l-Qarnayn, 547-557 AH, 1152-1162 AD

	MALATYA: Nasir al-Din Muhammad, 557-565 & 570-573 AH, 1162-70 & 1175-78 AD
	Danishmendids of Malatya, Nasir ad-Din Muhammad b. Zulkarneyn 30.5 mm, 11.1 gm Album checklist: 1241.2 RP-813
	MALATYA: Fakhr al-Din Qasim, 565-567 AH, 1170-72 AD.

	KAYSERI: Imad al-Din Dhu'l-Nun, 536-570 AH, 1142-75 AD
	Obv: In centre: "Imad al-din". Margin: circular inscription in Medieval Greek: "The Great Amir Danunis". Central Arabic: son of Malik Mehemed", margin in Med. Greek: The son of Malik Mehemed". 29 mm, 6.33 gm Izmirlier (2023) # 22 RP-847
	SIVAS: Nizam al-Din Yaghi-Basan, 536-559 AH, 1142-64 AD	Nisam al-Din Yaghi Basan was a key figure in the Danishmendid principality and ruled over the city of Sivas, one of the major centres of the dynasty. His reign was marked by efforts to maintain independence from the rising power of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, which sought to consolidate control over all of Anatolia. Yaghi Basan, like other Danishmendid rulers, faced continuous pressure from the Seljuks, who were expanding their influence in the region.
	Ibn Malik Danishmand as the Commander of the Faithful. Diademed and draped bust right. Reverse Legend: The Just King / Nizam al-Din Yaghi Bassan / son of Malik Ghazi. 27.9 mm, 10.25 gm Album checklist: 1245 RP-812
	AH 536-559 / AD 1142-1164. Without mint-name. Undated. Weight: 8.52 gm Refs: Whelan pl.17, 11; Album 1245; ICV 1305. RP-725
	SIVAS: Shams al-Din Isma'il, 559-567 AH, 1164-72 AD


Column 1 = 250 wide	20 w.	Central column width = 500	20 w	Column 5 = 250 wide
Title is Bold font 12 The text is non-bold, font 10, indented and has a line spacing of 1.2 The same for column 5 too!		Coin images are shown in floating format - size 500 wide Enlargements with the flat green background - size 800 wide


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